Cleveland

__**Brief Pre-1850 History of Cleveland**__ Cleveland, located along the eastern bank of the Cuyahoga River, was founded by the Connecticut Land Company in 1796. It was the first settlement to be founded in the Connecticut Western Reserve. Cleveland gets its name from General Moses Cleaveland and investor in the company who led the first survey of the land. As a result of high prices for lots, only three men were reported to live in Cleveland as late as 1800, and in 1810 there were only 57 residents. After the War of 1812, roads to the town were improved and a harbor was built, Cleveland transformed into a small market town where farmers could send their crops eastward. The population continued to grow slowly until 1820 when the Erie Canal was built, connecting Cleveland with the East and the Atlantic Ocean. By the 1830s both the Erie and Ohio Canals connected Cleveland to the Ohio River.

__**Industrial History of Cleveland 1850-1950**__ In the 1850s, railroads came to Cleveland. By this time Cleveland's population had grown to almost 40,000 people. Cleveland's industry was greatly stimulated by the Civil War, manufacturing garments, tobacco, and parts for guns and railroads for the war, making Cleveland a major industrial city in the late 19th Century. One benefit for Cleveland's industry was its location near many deposits of coal and iron ores. In the 1860s, John D. Rockefeller began the Standard Oil Company. One of the most important industries in Cleveland, however, was steel production. Started in the 1860s by Samuel Mather, by the 1880s 28 percent of Cleveland's workers were employed in steel mills. This industry was greatly affected by the depression, in 1933 about one third or the workers were unemployed.

1875- Greenback Party holds its organizing convention in Cleveland 1877- Socialist Labor Party forms a Cleveland branch 1924- Republican Party National Convention held in Cleveland 1936- Republican Party National Convention held in Cleveland
 * __Politics in Cleveland__

****__Technology__ 1851- Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati Railroads completed 1856- water system begins operation 1858- first sewer constructed ** 1863- first home delivery of mail 1879- first electric street lights installed 1881- Cleveland stockyards open 1884- first electric street car runs in the city 1890- first cable cars 1906- George Crile performs first successful blood transfusion 1925- Cleveland Airport opens

In 1870, the population of Cleveland reached 92,829 (making it the 15th largest city in the nation), more than doubling the population of 43,417 in 1860. In 1890, the population reached 261,353 making Cleveland the 10th largest city in the nation. In 1920 the population was 796,841 making Cleveland the nation's 5th largest city. The population continued to rise rapidly until it peaked just under 1,000,000 in 1950. From then on there was a steady decline in Cleveland's population, in 2000 the population was about 500,000. **
 * __Population__

1853- The Aliened-American (the first African American newspaper) begins publication 1853- Cleveland Theater opens 1869- Cleveland Public Library established 1875- Euclid Avenue Opera House opens 1879- Cleveland's first baseball team the Cleveland Spiders join National League 1891- League Park baseball field built 1894- an amusement park called Euclid Beach Park opens, called the "Coney Island" of Cleveland 1901- Cleveland's first baseball team in the American League the Cleveland Blues (changed to the Cleveland Indians in 1915) was formed 1912- Life Savers created by Clarence Crane, a Cleveland chocolate manufacturer 1914- Cleveland Zoo built 1915- Playhouse Settlement founded (later called Karamu House) 1916- Cleveland Museum of Art opens 1916- first production by the Cleveland Playhouse 1917- Cleveland Metroparks, a system of nature preserves, was created 1918- Cleveland Orchestra's first performance 1920- Cleveland Indians win their first World Series 1920- League of Women Voters founded 1925- Shaker Square, an outdoor shopping center, opens 1932- the comic character Superman was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster while they were living in Cleveland 1936- Jesse Owens (from Cleveland) wins four gold medals at the Olympics 1937- Cleveland Rams join NFL (they move to Los Angeles after winning the national championship in 1945) 1946- Cleveland Browns join AAFC 1948- Cleveland Indians win their 2nd World Series 1950- Cleveland Browns join NFL and win championship 1952- a Cleveland deejay coins the term "Rock n' Roll" **
 * __Arts and Culture__

__**Visitors**__ Oliver Meade (1885-1902)

"//Cleveland: A Bicentennial Timeline//." http://ech.cwru.edu/timeline.html (accessed Feb 22, 2010). "Cleveland, Ohio", //Ohio History Central // ,  July 1, 2005, http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=687 (accessed Feb 21, 2010). "//History of Cleveland//." http://www.positivelycleveland.com/about_cleveland/cleveland_history/ (accessed Feb 22, 2010)
 * __Bibliography__**